Complete Guide in HTML, CSS & JavaScript: 2024 Edition
A detailed step by step web development practical guide designed to help beginners become professional developers.
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Absolutely, here's a concise guide to HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for 2024:
### HTML (Hypertext Markup Language)
HTML is the foundation of web development, used for structuring web pages. Here's an overview:
#### Basic Structure:
```html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
<title>Title of the Document</title>
</head>
<body>
<!-- Content goes here -->
</body>
</html>
```
#### Common Tags:
- `<div>`: Defines a division or a section.
- `<p>`: Defines a paragraph.
- `<a>`: Defines a hyperlink.
- `<img>`: Defines an image.
- `<ul>`, `<ol>`, `<li>`: Defines unordered/ordered lists and list items.
- `<table>`, `<tr>`, `<td>`: Defines a table, table row, and table data.
#### New Features in HTML:
- Semantic elements like `<header>`, `<nav>`, `<footer>`, `<article>`, `<section>`, `<main>` for better structure.
- `<picture>` for responsive images.
- `<video>` and `<audio>` for embedding media.
### CSS (Cascading Style Sheets)
CSS is used for styling HTML elements. It controls the layout, colors, fonts, and spacing of web pages. Here's a brief overview:
#### Basic Syntax:
```css
/* Comments */
selector {
property: value;
}
```
#### Selectors:
- Element Selector: `element {...}`
- Class Selector: `.classname {...}`
- ID Selector: `#idname {...}`
- Attribute Selector: `[attribute=value] {...}`
#### Properties:
- `color`, `font-family`, `font-size`: Text properties.
- `background-color`, `background-image`: Background properties.
- `margin`, `padding`, `border`: Box model properties.
- `display`, `position`, `float`: Layout properties.
#### New in CSS:
- CSS Grid Layout and Flexbox for responsive layout design.
- Custom properties (CSS variables).
- CSS Transitions and Animations for interactive elements.
### JavaScript
JavaScript adds interactivity to web pages. It can manipulate HTML and CSS, handle events, and interact with servers. Here's a glimpse:
#### Basic Syntax:
```javascript
// Comments
var x = 5;
let y = 10;
const z = 15;
```
#### Data Types:
- Number, String, Boolean, Object, Array, Null, Undefined.
#### Control Structures:
- `if`, `else`, `else if`: Conditional statements.
- `for`, `while`, `do while`: Looping statements.
#### Functions:
```javascript
function functionName(parameters) {
// Code block
}
```
#### DOM Manipulation:
```javascript
document.getElementById("demo").innerHTML = "Hello, World!";
```
#### New in JavaScript:
- ES6 (ECMAScript 2015) features like arrow functions, classes, template literals.
- Asynchronous programming with Promises and async/await.
- Web APIs like Fetch for making HTTP requests, WebSockets for real-time communication.
This guide should give you a solid foundation in HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for 2024!
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